Credit Cards - Good Idea - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 454 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The problem with the credit card industry isnt just credit card companies it’s the people that use credit cards too. A lot of people apply for credit cards because they see the balance of money that they can receive. A credit card can be an asset to your lifestyle, but if the credit card is not handled and used carefully it can become a liability, especially if you find it so convenient and easy to use that you lose control of your spending. There are many reasons why Americans should not have and use credit cards, some of the disadvantages of having credit cards is credit cards cost much more than other forms of credit, such as a line of credit or a personal loan, if you dont pay your credit card bills on time then you will be charged with extra additional fees. Credit cards can severally damage your credit rating if your payments are late. Credit card companies allow you to build up more debt than you can handle. A lot of people in The United States of America have been swindled by giving their credit card numbers to dishonest salespeople over the phone and on the computer. It also becomes a loan when the credit becomes due and you do not pay for it. A lot of American citizens often have more than one credit card and each credit card has a credit limit. When the credit limits for all cards are added up, the total can be in the thousands of dollars. Credit card consumers can fall into the habit of using credit cards to extend their income. Credit cards are easier to use than applying for loans even when a loan from a credit union, bank or other financial institution may provide the funds at a lower interest rate. Credit card companies make money by charging you a high interest rate on the money that they loan to you. It may be 10%,15%, or 25%. If you are late paying money back these companies will hit you hard. However they are not in the business of causing people to go bankrupt or making people get a second job but it does kinda se em that way to a lot of Americans. Going through problems with credit card debt and not talking to your creditors is like going through a tough time with a girlfriend/boyfriend and not talking to them about it. Nothing will get better before you take the initiative to set the problem straight. No matter your debt or income you can get back on your feet if you are dedicated enough but it is best to never put yourself in that position of applying for a credit card. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Credit Cards Good Idea?" essay for you Create order

Assimilation And Schemas - 1387 Words

Assimilation, Accommodation, and Schemas. Consider Piaget’s concepts of assimilation and accommodation. What stages in Satir’s model accounts for these schemas? Jean Piaget s hypothesis of cognitive development proposes that kids move through four unique phases of mental development. His hypothesis centers around understanding how children acquire knowledge, as well as on understanding the nature of intelligence. As children interact with their general surroundings, they constantly include new learning, expand upon existing knowledge, and adapt already held plans to oblige new information. To better understand the things that occur during the cognitive development, it is vital first to look at a couple of the vital thoughts and ideas†¦show more content†¦The third is â€Å"Accommodation.† Another piece of adjustment includes changing or modifying our current schemas in light of new information, a process known as accommodation. Accommodation includes adj usting existing schemas, or thoughts, because of new information or new experiences. New schemas may likewise be produced during this process. Virginia Satir s Change Model portrays the change patterns she saw during therapy with families. As far as I can tell, the examples she describes happen with any group of individuals when confronted by change. â€Å"Late Status Quo† Encourages individuals to look for improvement information and ideas from outside the group. â€Å"Resistance† is designed to help individuals to open up, become aware, and conquer the reaction to deny, maintain a strategic distance from or fault. â€Å"Chaos† helps fabricate a safe environment that empowers individuals to concentrate on their emotions, recognize their fear, and utilize their emotionally supportive systems. â€Å"Integration† Offers reassurance and help finding new techniques for adapting to challenges. The last stage of her model is the â€Å"New Status Quo† Ena bles individuals to feel safe so they can practice. Developmental Transitions. What does the Satir video add to your understanding about developmental transitions in Freud and Erikson’s models? Satir believed all individuals have the limit with regards to development and change and additionally the capacity to proceed withShow MoreRelatedAssimilation is when a child integrates what schemas they already know with new ones. For example,600 Words   |  3 Pages Assimilation is when a child integrates what schemas they already know with new ones. For example, if a child is born with sucking reflexes and a nipple is put to their mouth, they will suck. In opposition, accommodation is adapting existing schemas to meet new ones; creating new understanding of experiences. For example, learning the word car to identify family vehicle, the child may then call all moving vehicles’ on the road cars (Kuhn Siegler, 2006). Organisation is Piaget’s concept of groupingRead MoreThe Components Of The Theory Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesaround three core components: schemas, equilibrium, assimilation and accommodation, and the different stages of development. Schemas A schema is a description of both the mental and physical actions required in understanding and knowing. It’s a category of knowledge used in interpreting and understanding the world – the building blocks of knowledge. Without them, you would find the world incomprehensible. The world with its things wouldn’t mean anything. But schemas provide you a way to organiseRead MoreJean Piaget : Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesstudies the origins of something. Epistemology discusses the categories of thinking, basically, it shows the properties of structural intelligence. Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory branched off into three different branches, the first one being Schema, the Adaption Process that allow transitions from one stage to another, and finally the four Stages of Development Piaget’s work countered the common assumption of children’s cognitive development in psychology. Before the work of Piaget everyoneRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development983 Words   |  4 Pagescognitive development is Schema (Ey, 2015). Schema is a basic structure for organizing information; a concept (Margetts, 2016). Piaget considered Schema to consist of two sides of adaptation, Assimilation and Accommodation (Boeree, Copyright 2003, 2009). One of the differences between the two is Assimilation assimilates a new object into an old schema, whereas accommodation accommodates the old schema to a new object (Boeree, Copyright 2003, 2009). An example of Assimilation could be solving a mathematicalRead MoreEssay about Cognitive Development of Children1241 Words   |  5 Pagesin the cerebral operations. Schemas; a schema clarifies both the cerebral and physical actions occupied in comprehending plus knowing. Schemas are sorts of information that help us to ex plain and understand the world. In Piagets vision, a schema includes both a group of understanding and the procedure of gaining that knowledge. As practice occurs, this new information is used to adapt, add to, or change formerly presented schemas. For example, a child may have a schema about a type of animal, suchRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Theory745 Words   |  3 PagesFor this, he breaks it down into three basic components; schemas, adaptation process, and stages of development. Schemas are the basic building block for intelligent behavior. It is described as both the mental and physical actions involved in understanding and knowing (Cherry). This includes knowledge and the way that it was obtained. As more experiences occur, new information is added to previous knowledge to modify the existing schemas. Kendra Cherry gave the example of a child having onlyRead MoreThe Theory Of Adaptation Of The Bronfenbrenner s Bio Ecological Model Of Development1323 Words   |  6 Pageswork of Urie Bronfenbrenner s bio-ecological model of development and the key concepts of the microsystem and the chronosystem. To highlight my second experience I will reference Jean Piaget’s theory of Adaptation, focusing on the key concepts of assimilation and accommodation. My first experience took place seventeen years ago when I became an older sister. I was five years of age, and I was not only an only child, but I was also an only grandchild. I was the first child to be born into the familyRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development was divided into schemas, adaptation processes, and stages of development. Schemas can be described as the building blocks of knowledge which allow us to development mental models of our environment. The adaptation processes are divided into equilibrium, assimilation, and accommodation. His stages of development were further split into four components of its own; sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Before PiagetRead MoreJean Piaget s Influence On Psychology836 Words   |  4 Pagesoperational. To understand Piaget’s stages a person must first understand the idea of schemas, equilibrium, accommodation, and assimilation. Piaget defined a schema as ‘a cohesive, repeatable action sequence possessing component actions that are tightly interconnected and governed by a core meaning.’ More simply stated, a schema is the basic unit of knowledge. Wadsworth suggests that schemata (the plural of schema) be thought of as index cards filed in the brain, each one telling and individual howRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Psychology1187 Words   |  5 PagesJean Piaget was at the forefront of the Cognitive Psychology movement and one of the most influential developmental psychologists of the 20th century. His work on schemas, adaptation, and his development theory are still being used today in most professional settings as a way to understand the development of the child. His work on schemas led to a new understanding of mental illness, paving the way for Cognitive-Behavioral therapies and other therapeutic methods that are based off faulty thinking

Yahoo Case Study Free Essays

Report write-up on Yahoo Case study Yahoo was conceptualized almost accidentally in 1993 by Jerry Yang and David Filo – who were pursuing their electrical engineering degree from Stanford University – while posting a list of their favorite sites on the web, got officially founded in 1994 and incorporated in the year 1995. Initially named â€Å"Jerry’s guide to world wide web†, got later named Yahoo which was an acronym for â€Å"Yet another Hierarchal Officious Oracle†. The term â€Å"Hierarchal† described how the Yahoo database was arranged, the term â€Å"officious† describing the many office workers who would use Yahoo from their work place and â€Å"oracle† suggesting a â€Å"source of wisdom†. We will write a custom essay sample on Yahoo Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today Yahoo! Inc. is a multinational internet corporation best known for its web portal, search engine (Yahoo! Search, #2 in search engine market share with 6. 8% market share) and for a variety of other services, including Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Finance, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo! Answers, advertising, online mapping, video sharing, fantasy sports and its social media website. With revenue figures of $4. 9B for FY’2011, and a market capitalization of $23. 8B, Yahoo’s success story comprises many hits and more misses. After the modest web directory started to attract large influx of visitors on a daily basis, Yang and Filo decided to make business of it by renting advertising space on the Yahoo Directory pages. Capital Investment came in from Sequoia Capital, who proposed to hire a professional CEO to drive the business forward. After a careful evaluation of a half-dozen candidates, Michael Moritz of Sequoia Capital chose Timothy Koogle, who brought 15 years of leadership experience in high-tech management. Timothy had to use great influence and persuasion skills to bring everybody on board on his vision for the company, one that would create a world connected via the web. His vision encompassed leveraging the company’s existing strength of the web directory by providing more and more compelling content and driving higher advertising revenue. At the same time, create an online platform where buyers could meet sellers, transacting safely over the internet and charging a cut of the revenue for these services provided. They also added customization features for their registered users on their Yahoo financials page so that specific companies of interest could be followed by the users. Along the way, they also helped advertisers reach out to their relevant audience better and thereby increasing the value delivered to them. The strategy was working out very well for Yahoo. Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s. It also made many high-profile acquisitions. While everything was going great for Yahoo, they failed to evaluate their strategy at that juncture. The environment they were thriving on was that of the dot-com bubble and most companies that were sources of advertising revenue for Yahoo were the dot-com companies. When the dot-com bubble burst, most of these companies went bankrupt drying out sources of advertising revenue for Yahoo. Its stock price skyrocketed during the dot-com bubble, Yahoo stocks closing at an all-time high of $118. 5 a share on January 3, 2000. However, after the dot-com bubble burst, it reached a post-bubble low of $4. 05 on September 26, 2001. While the corporate level vision and strategy were forward looking, the business level strategy needed timely review, the lack of which brought about the downward spiral of Yahoo in a short span. Owing to a huge negative impact on the shareholders’ value, Tim Koogle resigned giving the heirs to Terry Semel, a former Warner Brothers executive. Semel’s goal was to arrest the fall in Yahoo’s revenues by diversifying from the hitherto advertising centric revenue model to subscription-based, value-added services and increasing the quality in advertising revenue by targeting more stable companies. This strategy was viewed as but a late reaction to the changing market landscape, something that investors expected the leadership to foresee. Terry Semel also had his share of low moments as CEO of Yahoo during the criticism he drew for cooperating with the Chinese officials to release previously confidential Yahoo information to the Chinese government. He also lost a chance to buy out Google during its nascent years, whose search engine services it used till Yahoo developed its own search engine technologies. Over the years, Yahoo also failed to catch the market trends of social, mobile, local, platform services etc. at the right times, which has resulted in diminishing market share figures in each of the spaces. While Yahoo revenue has dipped for the year 2011, the company’s financials look strong with low debt and good cash flow. Company’s new management team is betting big on mobile and connected TV businesses. Mobile applications, where the company is lagging behind competitors like Google and Facebook, is a business line it must produce a turn-around performance on since the markets a trending in that direction. Marissa Mayer, former Google executive, who is now at the helm of the $5B company, would hope to bring her successful experience at Google to Yahoo to deliver the goods on the Mobile platforms business. Discussion Questions: . To what extent was the evolution of strategy at Yahoo planned? To what extent was it an emergent response to unforeseen events? Yahoo’s initial strategy during Koogle’s time of foraying into advertising and online portal for facilitating e-commerce and shopping were a planned strategy and were apt for the company with its inherent strengths. however, the portfolio diversification undertaken by Semel was an attempt to lower the risk exposure as a response to the changed business environment. 2. Could Yahoo have done a better job of anticipating the slowdown in advertising revenue that occurred in 2000 – 2001 and positioning itself for that slowdown? How? What might it have done differently from a strategic planning perspective? In order to achieve a sustained competitive advantage, a firm must adapt to the change in the market trends. As a strategy evaluation process, yahoo could have foreseen the dot-com bubble burst as the bubble formation was a process that had initiated around ’98. Analysts highlighted the risk in staying invested with the dot-com companies. There was surplus income available with retail investors during that period, which is suggestive of a trend of higher demand of normal goods / services over inferior goods / services. Yahoo could have seen this trend and positioned itself for a niche product / service offering. 3. Does Yahoo have a source of potential long-term competitive advantage? Where does this come from? Yahoo has a good cash flow – a low debt and also a business model in place for buyers to meet sellers. Social Media has played a key role in penetrating the market – creating awareness of using the online medium. Yahoo has the system in place to capitalize this strength in order to optimally utilize the buyer-meet seller platform – expand it from retail presence to corporate interactions, include a model that addresses webinars for multiple industries eg pharma meet can be entirely conducted online – creating a significant cost advantage for the participants and also adding to its revenue by marginal investments that wont affect its balance sheet either. 4. What does Koogle’s resignation in May 2001 tell you about the role of a CEO in a public company? CEO’s role in a public company has evolved over the years, but in essence, remains that of a custodian of the shareholders’ value. Koogle had a very good vision and strategy for the company, which did transpire into success initially. While the formulation of the strategy may have been done well, the execution at the business level and evaluation of the strategy could have been better. Even towards the end of Terry Semel’s tenure in 2006, his salary was reduced to only $1 (with $70M worth of stock options ofcourse) due to shareholders’ dissatisfaction. How to cite Yahoo Case Study, Free Case study samples

Management Communication

Question: Discuss about the Management Communication. Answer: Introduction Human resource management i.e. HRM can be explained as the overall management of the human resources in an organisation. The main purpose of incorporating the human resource management practice in an organisation is to enhance and uplift the performance of the employees so that there can be rapid achievement of the organisational goals. The effective planning of HRM is one of the most critical tasks for any organisation as it impacts the present as well as the future of a company and its human resource (Hendry, 2012). The report will highlight the major aspects related to the strategic human resource planning, project management and human resource planning. The later part of the report will discuss the part of HR planning in regards with project management. Strategic Human Resource Planning SHRM i.e. strategic human resource management can be explained as the practical approach of employee management in an organisation. There are several elements which are the part of SHRM such as effective working of the workforce, recruitment, workforce unity, organisational discipline and payroll of the employees. All these aspects helps in providing several benefits to an organisation such as increasing retention rate of the employees, maximizing the organisational productivity, enhancing the quality and efficiency of the word done and boosting employees motivation (Boxall and Purcell, 2011). There are theorists who have defined human resource planning as the approach used by the organisations for identifying the needs of the human resource and the ways through which those needs or the requirements can be fulfilled. Human resource planning can also be explained as an intricate approach by which the organisations make the estimations of the total demand and the size of the labors required in an organisation. This is linked with the analysis of the nature of supply which is required for meeting the market demands. There are number of things which are the part of the human resource planning such as employer branding, employee retention, talent management, development of the strategies related to selection and recruitment, absence management and improving organisational flexibility (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). Human resource planning is the point of connectivity among the human resource management of an organisation and the companys strategic plans. It is performed in such a way, which helps in effective attainment of the strategic objectives of an organisation. The significance of effective human resource planning can be demonstrated by the increasing demands for the competent employees in the developing nations and because of the fact that in western countries there is more of aging workforce, effective HR planning is needed (Yin and Oathman, n.d.). There are number of HRM issues present in the global organisations such as increased turnover rate, presence of aging workforce, issues related to diversity, incompetent skills etc. To effectively manage these issues and achieve higher competitive benefits, there is a vital need of robust strategic management in an organisation by the means of effective HR planning. For example, one of the primary issues i.e. increasing rate of turnover can be managed by implementing the practice of conducting exit interviews in every organisation. The feedback and the data collected from the employees who are leaving the organisation helps in identifying the workplace issues and also supports in building a healthier working environment in future. It also provides the HR executives with the insight of the major causes which are the reasons for increasing turnover rate in an organization (Bratton and Gold, 2012). In a similar way, the various issues of the labor market can be resolved by the implementation of an effective human resource policy inan organisation. It is impossible for an organisation to attain its set objectives and goals in the absence of potential labors. There can be strengthening of the organisation by having a robust HR policy through a potential HRM strategy. The flexible working roster is just one of the elements which contribute in attaining a desirable working place for the competent employees. An organisation which lay high emphasis on the factors such as employee development, improving workplace environment, development of employee welfare programs etc. helps in achieving high retention rate of the employees as well as enhanced organisational productivity (Lengnick-Hall, Beck and Lengnick-Hall, 2011). The issues which are developed because of organisational diversity can only be resolved bythe incorporation of a competent human resource policy. It is necessary that the policies developed have a sense of sensitivity in regards with the diverse values and cultures of the individuals. There must be few engagement programs in an organisation so that there can be developed a sense of belongingness and informal association among the employees which therefore helps in reducing the issues of diversity. For managing the human resource concern of ageing workforce, there can be done recruitment of new and fresh talent in the organisation.From the overall perspective, it can be said that the effective human resource management policies helps in minimizing the organisational issues as well as providing several competitive benefits to the organisation which therefore supports improved organisational branding (Wright and McMahan, 2011). HR Planning and Project Management The project management supports an organisation in visualization of the resources and the time, checking and managing the development of the overall project and the identification of the reasons of failure of any project. A competent HR manager takes efficient use of the pioneering tools of project management for instituting productivity measurements, establishment of detailed recruitment process, collection of feedbacks, analyzing the cost of recruitment and providing managerial insights for the development of the project (Kerzner, 2013). The primary element which is to be emphasizes upon at the time of HRM planning is the recognition of the various responsibilities and roles associated with the project. The major responsibilities in the HRM planning process comprises of documentation of the reporting associations and the recruitment and staffing management plan (Puckett, 2014). An effective strategic management plan helps in attaining the potential workforce through innovative ideas. There has been performed the analysis of the need for recruitment, training programs and information flow. In an organisation, all the human resource management functions are divided among the various managers and the project management. It is essential that the parties have a clear understanding of the division of roles and responsibilities, so that, every individual can play its work role in the most efficient manner and can help in achieving the fruitful completion of the project (Nagendra and Deshpande, 2014). There is one real life example which illustratesthe importance of having an effective HRM in an organisation. In the ABC News, a news article was reported which revealed that in Brisbane, there were cancelation of 100 trains because of the reason that there was unavailability of required number of drivers for carrying out the train operations on Redcliffe Peninsula line.The issue occurred because of the absence of adequate number of trained drivers which were required to operate the newly scheduled trains. The report shows the significance of HR in an organisation no matter whether it is a private corporation or a public one. Every organisation faces number of issues related to deficiency or absence of competent workforce. In the long scale projects, the factor of human resource is of more significance as all the aspects of a project are interlinked with each other. Therefore, an absence or lack of potential employees in first phase of a project leads to delay in the second phase, an d eventually the entire project. Because if the lack of competent workforce, it results in delay in the newly scheduled trains. There is a need to plan anprovisional timetable which is dissimilar from the current timetable but even the provisional timetable will take more than a weeks time. Thus, it shows that a minor delay or lack of workforce may result in the deterioration of the complete project or operations. After the occurrence of issue, there is a need of a solution to restructure things and this process of improvement takes much more time (ABC News, 2016). From this incident, it has been analyzed that if the HR department has implemented a robust HR policy then there can be easily forecasting of the required number of workforces for carrying out the operations. By the effective HRM, the presence of appropriate number of personnel has been ensured at the prior stage only so that the train operations would not have been stuck. The primary reasons for the lack of workforce was the shortage of trainings regarding the new service and the underestimation of the workers and this resulted in the cancellation of trains (ABC News, 2016). The political consideration in the public services has a direct connection with the HR planning. Because of the reason that the policies of human resource management are outlined in such a way that they completely abide the various rules and regulations developed by the government. For the project management in the large scale organizations, it is of more significance as there are engaged increased numbers of people in a specific project (Berman, et al., 2012). The Resource-Based View of the Firm Resource based view offers an extensive number of competitive benefits to a company through the application of intangible and the tangible resources. The organization takes use of diverse form of resources for achieving long-term benefits. The resource based view supports an organization to have more potential and significant resources for the operations. With the era of globalization and robust market competition, it has been evaluated that the success of a company is dependent upon a strong RBV as it offers advantages to an organization. Through the RBV, the organization comprises the resources which are rare, valuable, not imitable and organized (Lin and Wu, 2014). In HRM, the imitation takes place because of path reliance where the human resource of an organisation is relied over a path and another is the reason of un-informed certainty where the HR policies are not so effective that they can attain appropriate methods for generating potential. The HR policies of an organization are developed in a long-time period which is not easy for the competitive companies to implement the same. Thus, it results in development of imitation wall. Therefore, it is essential that the human resources are productive, rare, not imitable and valuable so that there can be gained several benefits b y the organization (Montgomery, 2011). In the strategic human resource management, RBV is one of the significant factors as it led down high emphasis upon the organizational internal resources. The various components of resource based view supports in developing the organizational human resources as highly rare, valuable, organized and not imitable. For achieving this there is a need to implement a robust human resource planning so that the workforce can sense that they are the most valuable resource for the company (McWilliams and Siegel, 2011). Conclusion From the above report, it has been concluded that there is a vital role of human resource in an organization. The people or the human resources are the most important asset for any company to achieve success. For the successful completion of any project, there is a need of appropriate scheduling and workforce competence. To achieve human resource effectiveness, coordination and organizational growth, there is a need to have effective HR policy and HRM in an organization. It has been analyzed and concludes that like all other segments, HR is also one of the most significant parts of a company. As the potential HR team supports in the attainment of potential and competent workforce and offers several benefits to the company. From the news article which was published in ABC News, it can be stated that there is a vital role of HR policy and effective HRM for the completion of any project. As because of lack of HR competence in the identification and management of the workforce, there was cancellation of trains. Therefore, from the overall report it can be evaluated and stated that there is an essential need of implementing appropriate HR planning and effective HRM for the successful completion of the projects in an organization. References ABC News. 2016. Queensland Rail disruptions: AnnastaciaPalaszczuk 'furious' over 100 cancelled trains in Brisbane. ABC News. Accessed on: 1st April, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-23/annastacia-palaszczuk-furious-over-queensland-rail-disruptions/7957862 Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Berman, E.M., Bowman, J.S., West, J.P. and Van Wart, M.R., 2012.Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage. Boxall, P. and Purcell, J., 2011.Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Hendry, C., 2012.Human resource management. Routledge. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lengnick-Hall, C.A., Beck, T.E. and Lengnick-Hall, M.L., 2011. Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,21(3), pp.243-255. Lin, Y. and Wu, L.Y., 2014. Exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in firm performance under the resource-based view framework.Journal of business research,67(3), pp.407-413. McWilliams, A. and Siegel, D.S., 2011. Creating and capturing value: Strategic corporate social responsibility, resource-based theory, and sustainable competitive advantage.Journal of Management,37(5), pp.1480-1495. Montgomery, C.A. ed., 2011.Resource-based and evolutionary theories of the firm: towards a synthesis. Springer Science Business Media. Nagendra, A. and Deshpande, M., 2014. Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) in HR planning and development in mid to large sized organizations.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,133, pp.61-67. Puckett, J. 2014. The Critical Importance Of Project Management For HR. ERE Media. Accessed on: 1st April, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.eremedia.com/tlnt/the-critical-importance-of-project-management-for-hr/ Wright, P.M. and McMahan, G.C., 2011. Exploring human capital: putting humanback into strategic human resource management.Human resource management journal,21(2), pp.93-104. Yin, J.G.S. and Othman, M.H.B., Strategic Human Resource Planning. Management Communication Question: Discuss about the Management Communication. Answer: Scenario 1 It is the sole responsibility of the manager of a high-volume fast food restaurant to retain the position of the company in the global competitive market. From the analysis of the case scenario, it can be determined that the restaurant is currently suffering from staff related problems and to mitigate this issue, the management has decided to hire staffs from other restaurants of the same chain. On the other hand, the duty of the assistant manager runs by the Shift supervisor. The company is running smoothly but this is not the way to mitigate the issues. The management of Restaurant should hire employee and train them properly so that they can understand their role in the organization. At the time of recruitment, the Human Resource Mangers should pay attention to the qualification of the employees (Busch, et al, 2007). HR Department should not hire employee on the basis of their qualification and merit. Employees should be hired based on the efficiency and skilled. 1 week of training should be provided to the new employees to make them aware of the organizational goals. Moreover, they need two or three weeks more so that they can gear up their speed and meet the demand of the customers. On the other hand, the restaurant is suffering lack of assistant manager; shift supervisor has taken the place of the assistant manager. Now the company is trying to recruit new assistant manager. Shift Supervisor is demanding that she can able to handle the work of the as sistant manager efficiently as she has been doing this from the beginning (Varey, 2002). In order to retain the supervisor in the organization, the manager should provide adequate training to the supervisor so that she can manage the role of the assistant manager adequately. Right now, the company is running all the operations with the help of the staffs from different restaurants from this chain. With the help of this strategy, the problem can be mitigated for time being. To solve the problem from root, the management should hire efficient employees and provide them training. Scenario 2 From the above analysis of the case study, it can be stated that the manager of the boutique advertising company has struck among several problems. At first, the manager should take strict action against the intern and terminate the intern from the job as she has breached the contract and revealed all the information to the senior executive of another company (Harner and Zimmerman, 2002). For increasing the profit percentage, the manager should undertake the plan of triple profit as it is profitable for the company but before that manager of the company should develop a contract. After that manager should concentrate on making a contract that would include the regret of not entering into a contract, forcibly. Scenario3 As the manager of a renowned organization, there are diversified role to play. Here the manager has to deal with the Business Administrator. The manager has found that the Business Administrator is new and the BA has no experience in this field. At the same time the company is implementing ERP system and at the middle of the merger so it is utterly impossible for the BA to manage everything smoothly (Kahle and Riley, 2004). On the other hand, the key stakeholders of the organization, employees, are creating problems. They are failed to meet the deadline and demands of the customers. Employees of the organization are accustomed with the conventional way of doing work. Implementation of ERP system can bring change in the work process so this is definite that they are feared of losing job. Merger is affecting the morale of the employees. Management should concentrate on the training of the employees. Training helps them to adopt changes in the organization. In addition, management shoul d put concentration on the leadership strategies. The leaders of the organization should understand the situation and adopt leadership style in accordance with the situation. As the employees are in vulnerable position, so Democratic Leadership Style is the best way to manage the employees in the organization. Apart from this, the Business Administrator is not competitive enough. BA has not aware of the situation. Merger is the time when the position of the employees is not well enough. Mergers and implementation of new system can enhance the chance of employee turnover rate (Marketing Communication, 2015). As the new BA, the existing employees are not ready to obey so BA cannot able to handle employee. In order to mitigate the issues, the management of the organization should provide training to employees and make them aware of the fact that change is the integral part of the organization and they have to adopt it. With the help of the training and development programs, the employees can understand the way to handle ERP system. Along with that leaders of the organization should adopt democratic leadership style (Parente, 2006). This style helps the employees in the decision making process of the organization. Taking an active part in the decision making process of the organization, helps the employees to become the part of the organization. This is the best way to engage the employees and reduced employee turnover rate. BA also needs moral support from the senior management. References Busch, R., Seidenspinner, M. and Unger, F. (2007).Marketing communication policies. Berlin: Springer. Harner, S. and Zimmerman, T. (2002).Technical marketing communication. New York: Longman. Kahle, L. and Riley, C. (2004).Sports marketing and the psychology of marketing communication. Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates. Marketing Communication. (2015). Abington, Oxon: Taylor Francis Ltd. / Books. Parente, D. (2006).Advertising campaign strategy. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Varey, R. (2002).Marketing communication. London: Routledge.

The Evolution Vs. Creationism Conflict Essay Example For Students

The Evolution Vs. Creationism Conflict Essay (This is an inquiry that I wrote for a high school composition class use it for reference, but I wouldnt recommend or appreciate it being submitted into a proffesor.)The merits of the arguments between the theory of evolution and the belief in creationism is a topic that has bestirred an interest in me for several years. I think that most people have an opinion on the topic or are trying to form one. An example of this is the Christian fish that emphasizes a creationist view found on the back of many cars. In contradiction, there is a growing response to this emblem by people who publicize their evolutionist views by posting a fish with ?Darwin? written on the inside and feet on the bottom. This strikes me as an interesting controversy that everyone can and should know more about. I have acquired basic opinions on the topic that have come from both viewpoints which leaves me with the struggle of establishing my own belief. Sources that have influenced me before I began investigating the topic include Christian religion, school, my parents, media, and my peers. When I began investigating the subject, I found extensive information full of particular evidence. However, the viewpoints are generally conservative and are strictly either for evolution or for creationism. This inquiry will hopefully illustrate an overview of the ongoing debate. We will write a custom essay on The Evolution Vs. Creationism Conflict specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Most people view the theory of evolution as being a feasible explanation of how life became what is today. Evolution is a theory that the various organisms are descended from others that lived in earlier times and that the differences are due to inherited changes that occurred over many generations. It must be realized that evolution is a theory and cannot be considered a fact. Even though its roots are from Greek anatomists, the theory of evolution came to light in 1859 when Charles Darwin published his book The Origin of Species, which dealt with natural selection. Since then, scientists have been continually searching for proof for the theory through research and experimentation. Some of the topics that are associated with proving the theory are fossil records, carbon-14 dating, and DNA testing. These are also noted as part of phylogenetic systematics, which is the term used for classifying and understanding the relationships and history among species of the past and present. Natu ral selection, or ?survival of the fittest?, is the mechanics of evolution. Natural selection deals with the dying of weaker offspring of an organism, and the survival of the stronger offspring. When a strong organism survives, its dominent genes are passed on to its offspring. Over time, these genes will lead to mutations, which allow a species to adapt as they slowly move to different environments or other natural change. This is a broad interpretation of how evolutionists explain, for instance, sea creatures becoming land creatures. Evolutionists believe that life began on earth when chemicals combined to produce the first cell. Throughout the course of millions of years, single cell organisms arose to life as it known today. Fundamentally, evolution is based on scientific reasoning and experimentation. As with most sciences, inaccuracies do occur through new discoveries and the theory of evolution must be rethought. Creationism deals with the theory that the world was created in a brief amount of time by a higher being. Creationism has been the way humans explain the making of the earth and the inhabitants on it for thousands of years. This has been depicted through ancient hieroglyphs, stories, and popular mythology. Although almost every culture, ethnicity, and religion that has ever believed in a higher being has its own creation story, I will be focusing on the popular fundamentalist Christian version. These creationists believe that the entire cosmos, the Earth and all its creatures, were created by God in six days between 5,000 and 10,000 years ago as described in the old testaments book of Genesis. They believe that geological records were laid down as a result of a worldwide flood. Most creationists disagree with a majority of the scientific theories used to prove evolution. They believe that life was presented all at once in nearly the same complex forms that are seen today. That is to say, that there were no changes from simplistic to more advanced life forms as suggested by evolution. Furthermore, it is believed that fossils of pre-historic species that no longer exist are just examples of extinction and not the ancestors of an evolved species. Creationists generally use common sense to disprove science and present their theory. More extreme creationists believe that those who believe in evolution hate God. Creationism is the fundamental belief that most people have wrestled with in the past and is still a very strong force today. There are many reasons for evolutionists and creationists to be in conflict with each other. Many creationists hold a sense of loyalty to their holy doctrines and fear that abandoning belief in them would prove that their religion is false. Conflict is feasible because it has been implausible for science to come up with indisputable evidence for evolution. Or possibly, it is complete ignorance on the creationist standpoint that creates conflict. It could be that creationists are uneducated and simply refuse to accept new, contradicting evidence because their fundamentalist belief shuts the door on science in exchange for supreme being power. Perhaps science needs to recognize that a supreme being was indeed partly or wholly responsible for the creation of life and earth. Conflict will continue until society can grasp a coherence among the two beliefs. How can science reconcile itself with the long history of creationism and become an accepted theory of the origin of life and earth? T his question is important to the continued acceptance of research advances in science and to the validation of religious beliefs in the face of new scientific discoveries. .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 , .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 .postImageUrl , .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 , .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3:hover , .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3:visited , .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3:active { border:0!important; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3:active , .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3 .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud060291fd6a78f16c20545e5be425ab3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fahrenheit 451 Brave New World EssayIn the July 1998 issue of The Herald of Christs Kingdom, an article titled ?The Creation-Evolution Controversy? argues that the Genesis story stands up well against the Darwinian theory. The article questions Darwins theory that all species grew from a single cell through mutation and natural selection. It points out that if all species were to grow from a single living cell, then science is yet to produce fossils showing links between the species such as from reptiles to birds. Even when looking at development of embryos, the article concedes that five digits develop on human fingers, birds wings, and fish fins; but all come from diffe rent types of cells and develop at different rates for entirely different uses. The Herald attributes these differences to a divine creator. Natural selection or ?the survival of the fittest? is characterized in this article as the ability to survive without any upward progression or genetic changing. Natural selection is likened to a function of the environment in which a species lives. In the final analysis, the article purposes that the body is a very complex organism with many separate and difficult processes which could only be attributed to Gods intelligence in creating life. The Citizens for the Ten Commandments published an essay entitled ?Evolution is Wrong and Deceptive.? They state that the evolution theory is a massively deceptive fable seeking to describe the creation of this world and its inhabitants. ?Evolution is a strange, broad, irrational, and disconnected conjecture made up from a mind full of hatred for God.? The article suggests that most things in life go downhill without human interaction, but evolution suggests that things arrange themselves for the better and create a stable unity between everything. The authors state that there is no proof in evolution and they dismiss the theory that humans evolved from ape-like beings. Species are the way that they are because God made them that way. These creationists state the similarities in creatures are simply just similarities and have nothing to do with evolution. The goal of evolution is to clear away evidence of a divine creation and replace it with a ludicrous alternative, which dishonors God with its deception. In his article ?Science Teaching, and the Search for Origins,? Kenneth R. Miller states that evolution can be compatible with traditional religious beliefs. In fact, most western religions have long since accommodated Darwin within their views of human and biological origins. Nonetheless, many religious people still feel that the findings of evolution are hostile to religion. A typical argument is that evolution is too unpredictable and involves an element of chance, which a loving creator could not have used in creating our species. Miller refutes that the unpredictability of evolution results from the contingent nature of any historical process and unpredictable forces on human and natural affairs was an essential feature of any creation by a loving God. Unpredictability sets creation apart in distinction from its creator and the only alternative would be a strict determination of our future at the creators will. Another argument of religious people is that evolution is too cruel. The repeated cycles of bloody competition and extinction are too cruel to be compatible with divine purpose and plan. Miller again argues that evolution is not so cruel that it cannot be compatible with the notion of a loving God. Competition in species for existence is also matched by involvement of cooperation and care that shows extraordinary beauty. The final objection of evolution by religious people is that evolution is too indirect. If the Creators purpose was to create us, why would he not have done so directly? Why was it necessary to produce so many worlds, so many different species, all destined for extinction? Miller states that the indirectness of evolution is exactly comparable to the indirectness of historical, social, and even linguistic change, and yet none of these is incompatible with the concept of divine will and purpose. Miller claims that even to a traditional believer, evolutionary biology is not the obstacle that we often think it is. He believes that scienc e and religion can coexist and actually strengthen each other to help us understand the wonders of nature. American Atheists president, Ellen Johnson says that creationism is an unacceptable explanation for the existence of the human species because it has no basis in science whereas there is no dispute among reputable scientists about the scientific basis of evolutionary theory. Due to the scientific basis of evolution it should be included in public education, but creationism shouldnt. Lacking scientific evidence to support their story creationists resort to subterfuge to promote their theology. They suppress competitive ideas and camouflage theology as a pseudo science. Creationists argue that if evidence for evolution is taught, then the evidence against it should also be taught. The problem with that is there is no scientific evidence against evolution. Johnson ends by noting that religiously motivated ignorance may be comforting, but actual knowledge of our past will allow Homo sapiens to survive and thrive. My next source written by evolutionist Scott Anderson, is titled ?Creation and Scientific Logic.? Anderson explains that creationism demands that the logic of the scientific method be abandoned in favor of whatever logic one might be able to scrape out of the Bible. Creationism suggests that all planetary, biological, historical, and astronomical evidence that coincides with evolutionary theory have been misinterpreted. Anderson questions how all of this evidence could be so wrong when it all seems to fit together so well. He states that creationists still have to prove that science is wrong before they can begin postulating how the errors persisted for so long. To replace evolution with creationism would mean throwing away all data about the age of the universe, psychological testing data, athropology, archaeology, and biology. In short, thousands of theories and millions of tidbits of knowledge would need to be ignored in favor of magic and mysticism. Doing this would take us straight back to the Dark Ages of civilization. .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe , .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe .postImageUrl , .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe , .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe:hover , .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe:visited , .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe:active { border:0!important; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe:active , .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u24e4f49a073fcccfb0143849cf1166fe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fahrenheit 451 - Symbolism EssayBarry Williams, editor of The Skeptic, an Australian magazine, states that believing or not believing in a God isnt a precondition for being a scientist. Many scientists believe in God and are therefore strengthened in their understanding of the working universe. These scientists believe that a god set into motion all of the complex interactions that made the universe and this doesnt defy scientific laws. He stated that the Bible doesnt make any reference to evolution or any other fundamentals in understanding nature and science. This science wouldnt have any meaning to the writers in a society two to three thousand years ago. Williams goes on to say that the creationists deity magically created everything, but isnt intelligent enough to conceive anything as complex as evolution. He then asked that having ?created man in his image?, why did this god decide to include a brain in humans? Williams concluded that creationists are entitled to their views, but should not expect to have them taken seriously. The sources that I have gathered have perspectives from three categories: evolution is correct, creationism is correct, and creationism and evolution can agreeably coexist. The article from The Herald disputes evolution by pointing out some of its scientific flaws, but also addresses basic creationist views. Since the article puts some factual evidence against evolution, it is one of the more credible sources on creationism that I reported from. The article ?Evolution is Wrong and Deceptive? is a work of complete arrogance. It states that there isnt proof for evolution, but it fails to give examples. The authors are evide ntly very fundamentalist and are not open to acknowledging other opinions besides their own. The article ?Science, Teaching, and the Search for Origins? addressed my research question on how evolution and creationism can coexist. Although the basis of the article was worthy, it was biased towards evolution theory and the arguments were not that definite. Ellen Johnsons report on why evolution should be included in public education was brief and to the point. Johnson clearly illustrated that evolution is worthier since it includes science. This argument is common sense, but Johnson made a good approach at the content, using public education. The article ?Creation and Scientific Logic? puts in perspective what a full acceptance of creationism would mean for scientific data. This article does a good job of showing that evolution and creationism can not coexist. The essay by Barry Williams began with some good statements, but quickly went into God-bashing statements which most extreme e volutionists feel they need to allude to. The probability of evolutionists and creationists coming to an agreement any time soon is not great. Even if one of the theories is proven correct, extremists will still argue over their position. The only people who do think there can be coexistence are those who are less educated on the topic. A popular opinion that I share with these people is that evolution has and is happening as scientists believe, but at the fate of a higher being. An example of this belief is that when non-organic chemicals came together to form the first living cell, as scientists give credence to, there was a deity involved. One way that evolution might gain more acceptance is the decline of religion in society. Since most creationism is based off of religion, which is declining in participation from generation to generation, more people might turn to science. Creationism would require a supernatural occurrence to turn evolutionists over to accepting it as fact. The opposition between the theory of evolutio n and the belief in creationism is in an idle balance, and without any extravagant changes in evidence or approach, it will be for an extensive time. BibliographyJohnson, Ellen. ?Creationism in the Classroom.? ABC News.com. 1999. http://abcnew.go.com/sections/us.TakingSides/takingsides2.htmlAnderson, Scott. ?Creationists and Scientific Logic.? http://www.onthenet.com.au/~stear/creationists_and_scientific_logic.htmMiller, Kenneth R. ?Science Teaching, and the Search for Origins.? April 14, 2000. http://www.aaas.org/spp/dser/evolution/science/kennethmiller.htm?The Creation-Evolution Controversy.? The Herald. July-August 1998. http://heraldmag.org/98ja_10.htm?Evolution is Wrong and Deceptive.? Citizens for the Ten Commandments. 1997. http://www.hom.net/~angels/evolution.htmlWilliams, Barry. ?Science and Religion are Compatible.? http://www.onthenet.com.au/~stear/letterfrombarry.htm

A Study On Digital Computer Technology Information Technology Essays

A Study On Digital Computer Technology Information Technology Essays A Study On Digital Computer Technology Information Technology Essay A Study On Digital Computer Technology Information Technology Essay Computer engineering is a normal comrade and phenomenon in our modern day-to-day life. In fact, it is difficult to conceive of how to wake up every forenoon and travel through the whole twenty-four hours without the helper from computing machine engineering. We seem excessively dependent on this engineering for work, instruction, amusement and even for societal ground. . However, non many of us really realize that computing machine engineering is besides a dual border blade. Equally much as it positively contributes figure of goodness in our progress civilisation, it besides introduces a batch of possible togss and hazards. Surveies shows that combination of computing machines and internet entree create flexible resource for all types of information that allow more schools trade from a text edition to wireless laptop computing machine engineering ( Polman, J. 2006 ) . However, computing machine engineering is non ever work outing a job but besides create a job itself which can put on the line and menace the quality of human life. Vacca J.R ( 2009 ) emphasizes on the importance of computing machine security as we already witness a batch of computing machine security onslaught runing from virus, worm, Trojan, individuality larceny and besides raging book kiddies since early 1980s to late 2000s. Lehtinen. Rick ( 2006 ) besides emphasis on computing machine security as he explains in his article that in 2003 entirely, computing machine security become a critical issue when it cost commercial industries to lost 100s of 1000000s which finally becomes chief subscriber to commercial offense. Therefore, people should be warned about the potency of computing machine engineering hazards and be advised on how to take safeguard stairss in order to avoid unwanted incidents which lead to this paper principle as below. Civilization of homo has revolutionized by the being of computing machine engineering that helped them to better quality of life without realizes the effects of the engineering itself to the person, society, and authorities. Today, bulk of plants in sector industry solve complex job utilizing distributed calculating such as work outing unstable dynamic job, natural catastrophe prognosis and work outing D.N.A protein construction that calculate million algorithms in one procedure. Meanwhile, the radio engineering helps learning method in instruction. Yet, our day-to-day life besides uses a computing machine engineering such as personal computing machine, nomadic phone and unreal engineering that assist human to better their day-to-day life. However, some of the computing machine applications besides have hazards which influence person to be inactive in term of behaviour such as computing machine games addict, lost involvement in instruction and less interaction in societal life. Furthermore, this engineering helps public to avoid traffic jam and allow authorities to command transit to be more efficient such as aero plane path and air traffic. On the other manus, the hazard of the accident can go on to pub lic if computing machine virus such as worm infected their system. Last but non least, growing of economic system, security and industry development can be improved through cyberspace engineering. Unfortunately, this engineering besides introduces new offenses known as cyber war and cyberspace terrorist act which exploits a virus and illegal entree into unauthorised computing machine including the authorities mainframe and waiter. Therefore, this research is conducted to demo all possible positions between the deduction of computing machine engineering, part of computing machine engineering to single, community and society which bring us to discourse whether the usage of computing machine engineering gives positive and negative position by reacting to the undermentioned inquiry: To detect computing machine engineering parts in current civilisation. To look into current and possible hazards of computing machine engineering that may endanger human life. To happen out the safeguard needed to be taken to avoid or extinguish computing machine engineering hazard and menace. Therefore, based on these three pillars of aims, a comprehensive literature reappraisal is conducted in order to happen groundss, facts and supports for this research paper. Literature Review Computer Contribution The desire and enticement to make a machine that could calculate and work out mathematical job already started since 17th century. However due to miss of supportive innovation such as electromechanical and electronic engineerings, all old efforts neer able to run into their nonsubjective until late of twentieth century where foremost electronic computing machine made it first visual aspect. This become the new morning of electronic computing machine engineering epoch. Harmonizing to Matthew and Clarence ( n.d ) research paper, coevals of computing machine engineering could be divided into five coevalss. The first coevals one is started when ENIAC ( Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator ) was invented by an electrical applied scientist J.Presper Eckert and physicist John W. Mauchly in 1942. Mathew et.al besides claim that ENIAC is the really first general intent electronic computing machine which use 1000s of vacuity tubings therefore make the size of this first computing mac hine is mammoth, undependable and unrealistically expensive. This undertaking was funded by United State military in order to assist them cipher missile projection for World War II uses. EDVAC, UNIVAC and IBM 702 besides fall within this coevals of computing machine. In order to better first coevals computing machine dependability and to convey down its monetary value to acceptable degree, semiconducting material engineering was invented. By utilizing this engineering alternatively of vacuity tubing, 2nd coevals of computing machine engineering was born in late fiftiess. Mathew et.al besides province that 2nd coevals of computing machine uses magnetic tape as storage alternatively of pluging card. Magnetic tape could hive away several times more information and informations per unit size comparison to automatically pluging card. Therefore 2nd coevals of computing machine such as UNIVAC III is more dependable, able to hive away more informations significantly and is much cheaper to b e made. These consequences to early acceptances in good set up scientific institutes to work out cold algorithm job. Third coevals computing machine exist between 1969 and 1977 where integrated circuit engineering is widely available. Mathew et.al explains that with the aid of incorporate circuit engineering, 100s of electronic elements could be placed on a little Si bit. This is a immense promotion because in first coevals of computing machine, every individual electronic component is represented by a vacuity tubing which is every bit big as shoe box. But, with the debut of this engineering, a room size of vacuity tubing could be fitted in a piece of Si bit non larger than a lucifer box. This consequence computing machine to go manner smaller than it was in first and 2nd coevals epoch. IBM 370, DEC PDP-8 and UNIVAC 1108 were among the most good established computing machine mainframe for this coevals. Matthew et.al besides states that computing machine mainframe, terminus or workst ation and Wide Area Network start to rule instruction institutes and big corporations in intent to work out mission critical undertaking. ARPANET was developed by US authorities as anchor web to complect research research labs and universities mainframe so scientists could interchange informations and information faster than conventional postal method. This ARPANET engineering finally evolves to be world-wide web which we recognize now as the Internet. Succeeding to this integrated circuit engineering, VLSI ( Very Large Integrated Circuit ) was invented hence 4th coevals of computing machine engineering was born in the 1980s. VLSI engineering allows many 1000s of electronic elements to be cramped in a little piece of silicon bit as being explain by Mathew et.al as The VLSI engineering greatly increased the circuit denseness. VLSI engineering allows computing machine chief memory or technically known as ultra-high entree memory unit to be attached to computing machine internal syst em. This make 4th coevals of computing machine is really antiphonal yet manner cheaper and smaller to be made comparison to old coevals of engineering. IBM produced IBM PC while Apple Computer introduce Apple Macintosh personal computing machine in early 1980s. Both types of computing machines still evolve and exist until today without many changes to its original construct. These computing machines to a great extent populated school, university, office, mill and even place because of their very inexpensive monetary value, dependable, long lasting and comparatively high public presentation for day-to-day work. Notebook, laptop and personal digital aid computing machine besides fall into this coevals of computing machine. Fifth coevals of computing machine is the latest but still on early phase. This computing machine engineering promises a whole new attack in the context of how human and computing machine interact. Oppose to older coevals of computing machine where computing machine is a tool for human, 5th coevals of computing machine is designed to work with human collaboratively and unobtrusively. Electro-mechanical device such as automaton usage embedded computing machine bit as its encephalon. This bit is loaded with progress and complex algorithm known as Artificial Intelligent ( AI ) to execute its responsibility base on its ain logical thought without any expressed direction by human. This statement is supported by Mathew et.al in their survey which they write The race is now on constructing the following or 5th coevals of computing machines, machines that exhibit unreal intelligence. Therefore new coevalss of computing machines will affect robotics and computing machine webs. Mainzer. K. ( p.2-3, 1998 ) besides agree on the thought that current computing machine engineering is all about unreal intelligent which is focus on knowledge-processing system alternatively of number-crunching machine. He recognizes this coevals of computing machine as 2nd age of computing machine engineering. If these two documents are concluded, it is obvious that the first age of computing machine system is where computing machine is a tool and number-processing machine. This engineering is represented by first to 4th coevals of computing machine harmonizing to Mathew et.al. Second age computing machine shows that computing machine is no longer a human tools alternatively it is really a human unreal aid. Therefore, it is undeniable fact that computing machine engineering contributes a batch in our modern society and engineering dependent life. Zomaya A.Y. , ( 2005 ; 20-21 ) emphasizes that computing machine engineering responsible to exponentially increases in human productiveness. Comput er engineering constituent such as personal computing machine, web and embedded hardware become cardinal tools for research worker and maker. The Internet which besides a sub-component of computing machine engineering change the manner people work, exchange information and do concern. Renyanky L. ( 2009 ) explains that in between 1970s and 1980s academic community treat the Internet as a forum enabling societal and informations exchange networking. This is quickly alterations in 1990s where the Internet already accessible by public. The Internet starts to go a medium to carry on concern either in the signifier of e-commerce or as portals of information associating to makers merchandises. Experts call this as web 1.0. In the 2000s, the Internet evolves once more which is known as web 2.0. The promotion in computing machine and web engineering allow fast informations transportation and content rich web sites. These consequences to the manner information are shared in the cyberspace wh ich are more media centric and dynamic. Social networking website such as Facebook become an embodiment for fast paced citizen to remain in touch with their friends and household and picture streaming website go a new signifier of amusement which antecedently dominated by telecasting. The manner authorities sector regulations any state besides start to alter. They need to be more crystalline because of the openness of cyberspace engineering which allow blogger to shout out their sentiment and leak sensitive information to the public anonymously. Renyanky L. besides stresses in his article that biometric engineerings ; such as face acknowledgment system should be used to avoid cultural classification of people in security pattern ( p.44 ) . This will guarantee any informations and intelligent information collected is non jeopardized by any signifier of favoritism as computing machine public presentation does nt affected by any emotional job. In medicine field Windham, C. ( 2007 ) bel ieves the outgrowth of nanorobot helps to bring around diseases and increase human quality of life. Nanorobot has the ability to take barriers to the circulatory system, kill malignant neoplastic disease and command subcellular cell organs in medicine intervention. Because of nanorobot work at microscopic degree, this accomplishment ca nt be replicated even by the most adept sawbones. As 4th coevals computing machine already penetrated schools and place, this engineering aid pupils expand their cognition and believing through information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) . By possessing ICT accomplishment, pupils able to seek and get the hang new cognition easier, faster, go more originative and able to execute critical believing base on their current state of affairs. Tay, L ( 2003 ) agrees that pupil can develop high order thought by utilizing ICT tools which include enlightening, situating, and constructive and communicating tools. Albeit it is undeniable fact that computing machine engineering brings a batch of promotion and sweetening in our day-to-day life, as with any engineering created by our greatest head it does nt liberate from development and side effects. These issues will be studied in following subdivision of this literature reappraisal. Potential hazard and menace that may endanger human life Even after over 50 old ages this engineering exists in our life and legion security and protection measuring has been taken to procure this engineering loophole, it still possess indefinite figure of engineering hazards that may impact personal, society and even government.. Computer engineering hazards could be originated from two beginnings which is the engineering itself and the terminal user. From engineering position, hazards of computing machine engineering frequently highlighted as security and wellness issue. Computer security becomes a serious affair because every individual concern in this current modern society depends on this engineering to hive away informations, history dealing, advertizement and besides protecting company secret. Vacca J.R ( 2009 ) writes Security breaches can be an organisation significantly through a tarnished repute, lost concern, and legal fees ( p.3 ) . Social information besides archived in computing machine database engineering. Any security r ear of barrel will do ruinous development such as on-line caricature, enterpriser sabotage and companies secrets illegal trade. Vacca J.R besides explains that any company that successfully turn out how robust its computing machine substructure is protected could derive legion advantages such as marketing tool that demonstrate their capableness and willingness to protect its clients informations. Furthermore, a company with proper computing machine substructure protection will pass less clip and money to place security breaches and the demand to pay mulcts to statute law organic structure. This fact is decently supported by Lehtinen R. ( 2006 ) survey that states in 2003, computing machine offense already go the most expensive commercial offense which cost over USD70 million worth of information lost, USD66 million lost from unneeded IT investing and USD201 million worth of lost from computing machine invasion onslaught. Even this figure was based on Federal Bureau of Investigation public study, it is non needfully accurate. This is because non every company which was attacked files a study. Lehtinen R. estimation that approximately 50 per centum of invasions were non reported at all due to undue range or merely to avoid bad promotion. This figure go worst when among those studies that have been filed, about 60 per centum become void studies when they fail to quantify the loss. So, based on these facts and by the nature of computing machine engineering dependant are additions exponentially by twelvemonth, it is safe to gauge that current commercial doomed due to security menaces is far more than the figure shown above. However, computing machine engineering security is non merely a aggregation of hardwares and packages. Contradict to popular belief that computing machine security is all about firewall, antimalware, invasion sensing and placeholder waiter, the most of import component in computing machine security is the terminal user. If this component becomes the weakest nexus, security user will concentrate their attempt to assail this weak point. Due to this misconception, many organisations invest 1000000s of dollar to purchase province of the art security hardwares and packages in hope to procure up their computing machine substructure but stop up with so many security breaches. This affair become worst when extremely skill IT professionals who should concentrate their energy protecting company computing machine system and train employees are frequently jammed with help-desk tasked such as resetting disregarded watchword, repairing stuck pressman and configuring new staff Personal computer as being explain by Vacca J.R ( pg 5 ) . Furthermore, most computing machine users tend to take for granted on how friendly computing machine interface today. Many do nt recognize that today s computing machine is more complex and powerful than it was 20 or 30 old ages ago. Vacca J.R besides explain that some computing machine industry professiona ls do nt wholly understand the construct of Windows register, port and things that goes behind the user friendly Windows graphical user interface ( GUI ) ( pg 4 ) . The effect of this action is, terminal users tend to believe that they are computing machine literate and frequently rank themselves as power user. This consequence to ignorance and take for granted behaviour which is something that bad cat eager to work. Lehtinen besides states in his book that As broadband Internet entree becomes progressively popular, more users set up place computing machines and go forth them running 24/7. The consequence is they become marks for aggressors. ( p6 ) . So, computing machine users ignorance in security importance plus 24/7 connected to the Internet are more likely an unfastened invitation to attacker to work. Bad cats are usually the true power users. They frequently realize that checking good protected computing machine substructure in proficient manner is excessively drawn-out and hard. Therefore, they exploit user ignorance and wonder. Vacca J.R. explains in his survey that even employees have been told legion times to disregard email fond regard from unknown transmitter, employees keep violate this policy. This consequence a virus known as I Love You Virus eruption in computing machine systems in planetary graduated table by working users electronic mail box. Another sort of computing machine menace is computing machine worm. Worm is non a virus but a piece of computing machine plan that replicate themselves to impossible figure which cause victims difficult disc full of refuse and congest victim webs with refuse package. Lehtinen R. writes in his book After retroflexing itself for the first 20 yearss of each month, it replaced web pages on the victim machines with a page that declared Hacked by Chinese, so launched an onslaught on the White House web waiter. ( p7 ) . These cause major mayhem in computing machine web and present a batch of hold and system slow down. Productivity lessening aggressively and care cost addition drastically. Vacca J.R besides highlight ( pg 4 ) that phishing and cozenages are being actively used by aggressor to steal users sensitive information such as their bank username, watchword, recognition card figure and security codifications. What aggressor needs to make is direct a bogus electronic mail that lure stop user to travel to his bogus web site to reap user sensitive information. Attacker might claim that he is a legitimate executive from terminal users bank and requires users to travel to certain web hyperlink to update victims history item. Unfortunately for the victims, the hyperlink really redirects them to forge web site which is created by the aggressor. This signifier of onslaught could short-circuit even the most rigorous security attack as security decision maker unable to barricade electronic mail from making employee letter boxs due to productivity ground. But the effects and deduc tions are lifelessly because one time aggressor knows employees or terminal users history item ; he merely could utilize it at his ain advantage. Money transportation, corporate espionage, unauthorised purchase will be stop user and organisation large lost in money and credibleness. Money transportation and unauthorised recognition card purchase for illustration merely will do the victims to confront fiscal job while corporate espionage will do organisations to lost their secret forms or information sing their latest merchandises. In add-on to computing machine user s ignorance, they besides of course do nt like beds of security protection such as the demand to come in login name and watchword several times a twenty-four hours in order to entree classified information or even to utilize their workstation. For terminal user, security bed is inconvenience and consume productiveness clip. Vacca J. R ( p.1 ) survey shows that each employee will blow about four hours of productiveness c lip per twelvemonth merely because they need to identify in their username and password daily. In corporate position, four hours per employee per twelvemonth is a major lost if they have 1000s of employees. Even security experts claim that this loss is at acceptable degree compared to possible loss if there is no security protection at all, non all corporation figure caput accept this fact. For this corporate leader, net income ever come foremost and others come 2nd. Some more, computing machine created without security in head as this paper explain in computing machine development subdivision, computing machine originally created for research workers and scientist to calculate complex mathematical map. Over clip, it evolves to be human productiveness tools. Therefore, the discoverers of this brilliant machine neer consider security as cardinal component. Computer engineering start to faces security issues in early 80s when every machine is connected each other with wired web. Merely from that phase, security engineer get down to develop and implement beds of security within computing machine architecture bed. Even so, this is considered as afterthought action because security engineerings really need to trail computing machine engineerings that evolve quickly. This hold provides important spread for aggressors to work it. And one time the spread is being patched, aggressors move to another spread that already available at that clip. By uniting t erminal user ignorance, incompetent IT professional and security holes aggressor could establish Denial of Service ( DdOS ) onslaught with the aid of victims web bandwidth and internet connexion. Denial of Service onslaught could do any web and web site paralyzes and unable to serve their users and endorsers. Lehtinen R. states that The computing machine of a naif user may be forced into take parting in a distributed denial of service ( DDoS ) onslaught aimed toward a designated mark and timed to fire off with 100s of 1000s of others so as to overpower the victim. ( p8 ) . This may ensue debasement in productiveness at terminal users side and service suppliers may endure with bad repute, undependable service image which possibly may be them a luck when their endorsers move to their rivals. The promotion of computing machine engineering besides has high potency hazard to impact environment and societal universe. It introduces new structural feature of engineering that emphasized o n technological development and determining technological hereafter. Harmonizing to ( Hans Lenk, 1998 ) progressing means come oning taking stairss over clip or distance toward another, a better, topographic point, nonsubjective or end province that refer between two position either advancement or progresss in engineering or rational stairss toward accomplishing a new province of the art within the field of doctrine of engineering itself. Han dynasties report several sort of danger such electrical blackouts of metropolitan countries was occur due to susceptibleness of extremely developed and dumbly intertwined system known as systems-technocratic danger which can technically bring forth radioactive to others. Han dynasties besides notes that the power of invasion in multiple distributed engineering system gives ethical job to technological universe that appear to take the feature of destiny or fate. Without duty of world, the promotion engineering advancement can do world-wide gra duated table of effects of technological intertwinement including globalisation consequence in organisation and economic system. Many of new computing machine engineering are designed for the exclusive intent of easing communicating between single to run into new people around the universe utilizing internet engineering. Instant messaging, chat suites, Facebook and other web sites are specifically designed for the intent of meeting and connecting with person who portion similar involvements. Conversely, more cyberspace usage leads to more chance for toughs and sexual torment. Harmonizing to the 2005 Young Canadians in a Wired World survey of Grades 9 to 11 pupils, immature people are devouring users of this engineering. Ninety-four per centum of immature people have entree to the Internet in their places while 23 % of immature people have their ain cell phones that equipped with text messaging capablenesss and digital cameras ( Steeves, V. 2009 ) . Therefore, the Internet becomes a popular tool for sexual torment. Cyber torment occurs when a verbal or physical behaviour of a sexual nature, purpose at a peculiar individual or group of people in community. The research reveals that some computing machine users use societal networking web sites and web logs to expose victim s erotica stuffs in order to do cyber torment. The deduction of torment can do personal psychological science dislocation which consequence to outlook or physically hurt ( Maass, A. A ; Mara, C. A ; Guarnieri, G A ; Grasselli, A. , n.d, p. 856 ) . Physiology wise, there are several possible hazards of computing machine engineering that must be cognizant of that can damage human physical organic structure. Cellular telephone is a wireless communicating device which receives and radiates comparatively high amplitude of radio signal in order to transport voice over air. Therefore, a group of research workers claim that cellular telephones can do encephalon malignant neoplastic disease through signal ( Frey, Allan H. 2001 ) . The signal creates radiation exposure from the cellular phone through the encephalon and cause malignant neoplastic disease which resulted from a long latency. Frey et.al besides reference that there are important additions in malignant neoplastic disease that appear in short clip while the cellular phone is used due to the fact that human encephalon is straight exposed to radio beckon even if the sum is little. Furthermore, by utilizing improper ergonomic computing machine equipment such as authoritative mouse or keyboard for a long clip exposes end user to legion lasting hurts such as insistent strain hurt ( RSI ) ( Moravec, H. 2009, p.2 ) . Wrist hurts can ensue lasting nervus harm if neglected and can change from a simple sprain to a serious instability of the carpal castanetss called wrist injury. Harmonizing to a survey in July issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, a 732 per centum rise in acute computer-related hurts from 1994 through 2006 which double the 309 per centum addition in family computing machine ownership over the period. With these so many hazards that being introduces by computing machine engineering, it is wise to analyze and inform terminal users and IT professionals the safeguard and bar actions that they may use to minimise if non eliminates these possible jobs which lead us to third research aim as being explain in great inside informations in following subdivision. The safeguard needed to be taken to avoid or extinguish computing machine engineering hazards and menaces. Every secure organisation has a end to accomplish a long term success to take advantage of legion benefits including insurance premium decrease and prevent security breach to increase yearly net income. For most organisation, the cost of making security is to cut down hazard and derive competitory advantage in market topographic point by bespeaking security tools from IT professional. Therefore, several ways can be taken to construct successful secure organisation. Basically computing machine engineering related jobs and hazards originally come from the engineering itself and stop its users, a comprehensive attack consists of both parties need to be taken. End user need to be educated sing security consciousness while computing machine substructure and engineering demand to be developed with security in head. Computer security consciousness could be started from anyplace but sin ce most computing machines which involve confidential informations located at organisation or company, it is wise for company proprietor or board of manager to set a fraction of company one-year budget in carry oning computing machine security consciousness. IT professional should be send to qualified security preparation centre in order to hold proper preparation and competent degree to pull off organisation security substructure. These IT professionals besides should supply computing machine security workshop for employee in order to develop civilization of security. Vacca J.R explains in his book that although security substructures do nt alter often, new signifier of menaces are developed every twenty-four hours. Thus it is of import to supply IT professional equal preparations so they could be dynamic adequate to maintain up with of all time altering computing machine security onslaught. He steadfastly emphasis on IT professional besides need to be actively involves in protecti ng company computing machine substructure ( p9 ) . Furthermore, it is of import for each organisation to hold 3rd party to reexamine their security position. Vacca et.al province the advantage of holding 3rd party reappraisal organisational system is to give experience reviewing of broad scope of systems, application and device in assortment of industries through incursion proving that may do job in the hereafter. The incursion proving have several attack but the more efficient and less expensive is partial c

Absorptive Capacity And How Can This Be Used Within Supply Chain Essay

Absorptive Capacity And How Can This Be Used Within Supply Chain Management To Increase Supply Chain Profitability And Responsiveness - Essay Example 317; Boisot, 1998, p. 10; Boer, Bosch, van den, & Volberda, 1999, p. 379) To increase this absorptive capacity, companies often undertake research studies to improve their prospects and to customize their research and development to make information genuinely helpful for the organization’s human resource and for business operational use. The data generated from research are targeted to be integrated in the operation services and in the production of goods for consumers to attain effective and efficient corporate performance (Calori, Johnson, & Sarnin, 1994, p. 437; Camerer & Vepsalainen, 1998, p. 115; Carlsson & Jacobsson, 1994, p. 235; Cohen & Levinthal, 1994, p. 227) Experts opined that absorptive capacity is aimed at adopting ideas to develop an innovative and bring about new engagement sparked by changing economy. The process includes the integration of information to maximize meaningful findings for organizational development and management decision-makings (Deeds, 2001, p. 29; Cohen & Levinthal, 1997, p. 1463).... The researcher will make use of secondary materials from peer-reviewed journals and books sourced from online and public library to substantiate the subject of this study. Researcher will likewise correlate the absorptive capacity of a company’s interest to leverage from its market competitors and delve into the critical effects of company’s absorptive capacity on product innovation, business operations, and profit maximization using the lens of knowledge-based view (KBV) as theoretical foundation. Figure 1. Supply chain leadership and its correlation to resource values and organizational absorptive capacity (Sharif & Irani, 2012, p. 57). Research and Knowledge Management Organizational development and its level of competitiveness are reliant not only on financial capital, human resources and strategic management but also of its absorptive capacity (Rebolledo, Halley & Nagati, 2009, p. 52). Knowledge, through its research and management, are major source of valuable, ra re, and inimitable information to enhance strategic business management, improve customer-relation, expand business operation and sustain good relation with its suppliers (Rebolledo, et al., 2009, p. 53). The absorptive capacity of the organization will also facilitate the alignment of its human resources, corporate performance, and in enhancing its structures to align these with corporate strategies. Internally, it can also promote effective organizational management, increase marketing results, and reduce the impairment of supply chain relations. Through this part, an emphasis on the differences between the two facets of absorptive capacity will be highlighted: potential absorptive capacity that involves the corporate’s acquisition and assimilation of external

Describe fertilization, with reference to how the sperm enters the Assignment

Describe fertilization, with reference to how the sperm enters the oocyte. Explain the key changes that occur in the female during each of the three trimesters of pregnancy - Assignment Example Fertilization occurs during the union of the male sperm and the secondary oocyte producing a zygote. A zygote is the fertilized egg that develops into a fetus. The secondary oocyte has the female chromosome X whereas the sperm has both female (X) chromosome and Male (Y) chromosome. Oocytes must be supplied with various molecules needed for the growth of the embryo. A female undergoes various changes during pregnancy. These are known as trimesters consisting of three stages over the 9 month or 40 week pregnancy period. The fetus undergoes different changes in each of the three stages until it fully develops. The first trimester is the period up to 13 weeks of the pregnancy. It is the most crucial stage of the pregnancy. The female body undergoes many changes. The body structure and organs of the fetus begin to develop. This includes the eyes, mouth, ears, throat and skin. The fetus is surrounded by the amniotic sac. The placenta is developed and transfers nutrients from the mother to the baby and waste from the baby to the mother. The body of the pregnant mother undergoes changes signified by certain symptoms. These symptoms include nausea also know as morning sickness, fatigue, frequent urination and softness of breasts. Spotting or normal bleeding is common as the fetus is implanted firmly in the uterus. The experiences at this stage vary wit h different women. Some women are very tired during this stage whereas others are full of energy. It is at this stage that miscarriages, birth defects or ectopic pregnancies can occur (Tortora & Derrickson, 2009). The second trimester is from 14 to 26 weeks. This is a pleasurable time of the pregnancy. All the symptoms experienced in the first trimester are gone. There is no morning sickness and fatigue. Most pregnant mothers start planning for the birth of their baby at this stage. They sleep better and have more energy. Different symptoms develop; back pain and abdominal pain due to the increase in weight of the fetus.